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Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Dec 1993Study of oral tissues to understand the mechanisms of osteoporosis and oral bone loss includes histologic, biochemical, and molecular assessments of the tissue itself,... (Review)
Review
Study of oral tissues to understand the mechanisms of osteoporosis and oral bone loss includes histologic, biochemical, and molecular assessments of the tissue itself, as well as in vivo analysis of the biology of resident cells. Tissue sampling is limited by the nature of the defect and the use of appropriate controls (contralateral site vs same site, different subjects vs repeated measures of the same sites). Experimental parameters may include histomorphometrics, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Molecular and biochemical technology also can be used to study the tissue in vivo. The presence of mineral is a confounding variable. To understand the underlying mechanisms of oral bone loss, cell culture is a powerful tool. The location in the oral cavity, the type of tissue (periosteum/cortical bone/trabecular bone), and the presence of pathology (periodontal disease) affect the biology of the cultured cells. Enzymatic release of cells from their extracellular matrix yields heterogeneous cell populations. Migratory cells from explant cultures are more homogeneous but less differentiated. Fibroblastic and bacterial contamination may be problems. Although cell culture data must be considered in the context of the intact tissue, the potential exists for developing bone cell function tests with diagnostic use in the treatment of bone disease.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Animals; Bone Remodeling; Bone and Bones; Cells, Cultured; Humans; Osteoporosis; Specimen Handling; Tissue Preservation
PubMed: 8122527
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650081324 -
Molecular Medicine Reports Jan 2021Scaffold‑based bone tissue engineering has therapeutic potential in the regeneration of osseous defects. The present study aimed to explore the adhesion and cell...
Scaffold‑based bone tissue engineering has therapeutic potential in the regeneration of osseous defects. The present study aimed to explore the adhesion and cell viability of a co‑culture system composed of vascular endothelial cells PI/Annexin V represents early apoptotic cells, and PI/Annexin V represents late apoptotic cells (VECs) and adipose‑derived stem cells (ADSCs) on partially deproteinized biologic bone (PDPBB) , and determine the optimum time period for maximum cell viability that could possibly be used for standardizing the scaffold transplant into the system. VECs and ADSCs were isolated from pregnant Sprague‑Dawley rats and confirmed by immunostaining with von Willebrand factor and CD90, respectively. PDPBB was prepared using standardized protocols involving coating partially deproteinized bone with fibronectin. PDPBB was incubated in a mono‑culture with VECs or ADSCs, or in a co‑culture with both of these cells at a ratio of 1:1. An MTT assay was used to assess the adhesion and cell viability of VECs and ADSCs on PDPBB in the three different cultures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the adhesion, cell viability and morphology of the different types of cells on PDPBB. It was observed that the absorbance of each group increased gradually and peaked on the 10th day; the highest absorbance was found for the co‑cultured cells group. The difference of cell viability between each cell group was statistically significant. On the 10th day, in the co‑cultured cells group, several cells adhered on the PDPBB material and a nest‑like distribution morphology was observed. Therefore, the adhesion and cell viability of the co‑cultured cells was higher compared with the mono‑cultures of VECs or ADSCs. As cell viability was highest on the 10th day, this could be the optimal length of time for incubation and therefore could be used for experiments.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Bone and Bones; Cell Adhesion; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Endothelial Cells; Female; Fetal Blood; Fibronectins; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stem Cells; Time Factors; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Rats
PubMed: 33215221
DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11696 -
PloS One 2023Three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques can recapitulate the stratified nature of multicellular epithelial tissues. Organotypic 3D epithelial tissue culture methods...
Three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques can recapitulate the stratified nature of multicellular epithelial tissues. Organotypic 3D epithelial tissue culture methods have several applications, including the study of tissue development and function, drug discovery and toxicity testing, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of tissue-engineered constructs for use in regenerative medicine. We grew 3D organotypic epithelial tissues from foreskin, cervix, and tonsil-derived primary cells and characterized the transcriptome of these in vitro tissue equivalents. Using the same 3D culturing method, all three tissues yielded stratified squamous epithelium, validated histologically using basal and superficial epithelial cell markers. The goal of this study was to use RNA-seq to compare gene expression patterns in these three types of epithelial tissues to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their function and identify potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. Functional profiling by over-representation and gene set enrichment analysis revealed tissue-specific differences: i.e., cutaneous homeostasis and lipid metabolism in foreskin, extracellular matrix remodeling in cervix, and baseline innate immune differences in tonsil. Specifically, tonsillar epithelia may play an active role in shaping the immune microenvironment of the tonsil balancing inflammation and immune responses in the face of constant exposure to microbial insults. Overall, these data serve as a resource, with gene sets made available for the research community to explore, and as a foundation for understanding the epithelial heterogeneity and how it may impact their in vitro use. An online resource is available to investigate these data (https://viz.datascience.arizona.edu/3DEpiEx/).
Topics: Female; Humans; Epithelial Cells; Palatine Tonsil; Epithelium; Extracellular Matrix; Tonsillitis; Interferons
PubMed: 37792852
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292368 -
Biomolecules Feb 2021The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has an intriguing and critical role beyond digestion in both modern and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), as demonstrated by... (Review)
Review
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has an intriguing and critical role beyond digestion in both modern and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), as demonstrated by its link with the immune system. In this review, we attempted to explore the interrelationships between increased GI permeability and phlegm, an important pathological factor in CAM, syndrome, and therapeutic herbs for two disorders. The leaky gut and phlegm syndromes look considerably similar with respect to related symptoms, diseases, and suitable herbal treatment agents, including phytochemicals even though limitations to compare exist. Phlegm may be spread throughout the body along with other pathogens via the disruption of the GI barrier to cause several diseases sharing some parts of symptoms, diseases, and mechanisms with leaky gut syndrome. Both syndromes are related to inflammation and gut microbiota compositions. Well-designed future research should be conducted to verify the interrelationships for evidence based integrative medicine to contribute to the promotion of public health. In addition, systems biology approaches should be adopted to explore the complex synergistic effects of herbal medicine and phytochemicals on conditions associated with phlegm and leaky gut syndromes.
Topics: Humans; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Permeability; Phytochemicals; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 33671865
DOI: 10.3390/biom11020284 -
Acta Bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis Jun 2022Female Genital Mutilations (FMGs) are all interventions involving partial or total removal of external female genital apparatus, perpetrated not for therapeutic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Female Genital Mutilations (FMGs) are all interventions involving partial or total removal of external female genital apparatus, perpetrated not for therapeutic purposes. This review aims to describe a multidisciplinary approach to clinical management of women with FGM, requiring reconstructive surgery and therapeutic deinfibulation. Furthermore, these traditional procedures are harmful to women's physical integrity, being able to result in severe psychological damage with strong inhibitions in sexual and emotive life.
METHODS
Clinical management followed internal protocol implemented at the obstetric Pathology of IRCCS Burlo Garofolo of Trieste, in the framework of the regional project "Female genital mutilation and women immigrants: a draft integrated training and support person," supported by Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. We have enrolled in our protocol 15 women that came in our Hospital spontaneously. Here, we present a case of a 38-year-old woman, who had undergone ritual FGM type III with a deep groove scar. She had suffered pain and limitations to sexual intercourses.
RESULTS
We performed a reconstructive surgery of the mutilated genital tissue and a therapeutic deinfibulation. The deep groove scar was successfully removed with a multidisciplinary approach. We achieved careful evaluation, both clinical and psychological, of the patient, before surgery.
CONCLUSIONS
Reconstructive surgery for women who suffer sexual consequences from FGM is feasible. It restores women's natural genital anatomy, allowing to improve female sexuality.
Topics: Adult; Ceremonial Behavior; Cicatrix; Circumcision, Female; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 35765892
DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93iS1.11765 -
Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian... Dec 2010The relationship between connective tissue and meridian function is discussed in terms of energy transmission. The network of hydrogen-bonded water molecules... (Review)
Review
The relationship between connective tissue and meridian function is discussed in terms of energy transmission. The network of hydrogen-bonded water molecules interspersed within the collagen fibrillar matrix is especially significant for both the sensitivity of connective tissue to weak signals of mechanical pressure, heat, or electricity and the electrical intercommunication that may correlate with the meridian acupuncture system. Special electromagnetic properties of connective tissue have similar collective properties of ultraweak photon emission. A relationship between ultraweak photon emission and yin yang dynamics is based on three types of ultraweak photon emission studies, focusing on diurnal and annual dynamics, diseased states, and acupuncture points. A novel concept explains the functional (health) integrity of physiologic systems in relation to the left-right balance in ultraweak photon emission by pointing to, (1) balanced corticoneuromusculoskeletal activities and triboluminescent aspects of ultraweak photon emission by skeletal structures, and (2) local fine-tuning in oxygen supply and the formation of radical oxygen species. This approach offers testable hypotheses for further validation utilizing a combination of human photon recording techniques and specialized metabolomics for the estimation of organ-specific oxidative states.
Topics: Biophysics; Connective Tissue; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Meridians; Photons; Yin-Yang
PubMed: 21185536
DOI: 10.1016/S2005-2901(10)60041-6 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Oct 2023The integration of intramuscular fat-or marbling-into cultured meat will be critical for meat texture, mouthfeel, flavor, and thus consumer appeal. However, culturing...
The integration of intramuscular fat-or marbling-into cultured meat will be critical for meat texture, mouthfeel, flavor, and thus consumer appeal. However, culturing muscle tissue with marbling is challenging since myocytes and adipocytes have different media and scaffold requirements for optimal growth and differentiation. Here, we present an approach to engineer multicomponent tissue using myogenic and adipogenic microtissues. The key innovation in our approach is the engineering of myogenic and adipogenic microtissues using scaffolds with customized physical properties; we use these microtissues as building blocks that spontaneously adhere to produce multicomponent tissue, or marbled cultured meat. Myocytes are grown and differentiated on gelatin nanofiber scaffolds with aligned topology that mimic the aligned structure of skeletal muscle and promotes the formation of myotubes in both primary rabbit skeletal muscle and murine C2C12 cells. Pre-adipocytes are cultured and differentiated on edible gelatin microbead scaffolds, which are customized to have a physiologically-relevant stiffness, and promote lipid accumulation in both primary rabbit and murine 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. After harvesting and stacking the individual myogenic and adipogenic microtissues, we find that the resultant multicomponent tissues adhere into intact structures within 6-12 h in culture. The resultant multicomponent 3D tissue constructs show behavior of a solid material with a Young's modulus of ∼ 2 ± 0.4 kPa and an ultimate tensile strength of ∼ 23 ± 7 kPa without the use of additional crosslinkers. Using this approach, we generate marbled cultured meat with ∼ mm to ∼ cm thickness, which has a protein content of ∼ 4 ± 2 g/100 g that is comparable to a conventionally produced Wagyu steak with a protein content of ∼ 9 ± 4 g/100 g. We show the translatability of this layer-by-layer assembly approach for microtissues across primary rabbit cells, murine cell lines, as well as for gelatin and plant-based scaffolds, which demonstrates a strategy to generate edible marbled meats derived from different species and scaffold materials.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Rabbits; Gelatin; Cell Differentiation; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Meat; Muscle, Skeletal
PubMed: 37689860
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113080 -
American Journal of Physiology. Cell... May 2021The development of alternative in vitro culture methods has increased in the last decade as three-dimensional organoids of various tissues, including those of the small... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The development of alternative in vitro culture methods has increased in the last decade as three-dimensional organoids of various tissues, including those of the small and large intestines. Due to their multicellular composition, organoids offer advantages over traditionally used immortalized or primary cell lines. However, organoids must be accurate models of their tissues of origin. This study compared gene expression profiles with respect to markers of specific cell types (stem cells, enterocytes, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells) and barrier maturation (tight junctions) of colonoid and enteroid cultures with their tissues of origin and colonoids with enteroids. Colonoids derived from three healthy pigs formed multilobed structures with a monolayer of cells similar to the crypt structures in colonic tissue. Colonoid and enteroid gene expression signatures were more similar to those found for the tissues of their origin than to each other. However, relative to their derived tissues, organoids had increased gene expression levels of stem cell markers and encoding sex-determining region Y-box 9 and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled rector 5, respectively. In contrast, expression levels of and encoding occludin and zonula occludens 1, respectively, were decreased. Expression levels of the cell lineage markers , , and encoding atonal homolog 1, chromogranin A, and mucin 2, respectively, were decreased in colonoids, whereas and encoding sodium-glucose transporter 1 and aminopeptidase A, respectively, were decreased in enteroids. These results indicate colonoid and enteroid cultures were predominantly comprised of undifferentiated cell types with decreased barrier maturation relative to their tissues of origin.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cell Proliferation; Colon; Gene Expression Regulation; Ileum; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Organoids; Phenotype; Signal Transduction; Sus scrofa; Time Factors; Tissue Culture Techniques; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33760661
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00420.2020 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Aug 2002
Topics: Cultural Characteristics; Female; Humans; Hymen; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 12555459
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2022In 1992, Walter Thiel described and embalming method that rendered "lifelike" tissues. Over the last 30 years, the Thiel method has been introduced worldwide for... (Review)
Review
In 1992, Walter Thiel described and embalming method that rendered "lifelike" tissues. Over the last 30 years, the Thiel method has been introduced worldwide for medical training and scientific purposes. This review examines research which can be linked to the use of Thiel embalming. A systematic review was performed to identify articles published in the following categories: research content, disciplines involved, sources and quantities of tissues deployed, and changes in research scope related to changes in the chemical composition of Thiel embalming. Four-hundred twenty-four publications were included. A number of adaptations to the original Thiel protocol were found, aiming to provide suitable tissue-substitutes in the development of emerging medical technologies or procedures. Musculoskeletal surgery, anesthesia and intensive care were the most common disciplines that used Thiel embalmed tissues for research. Anatomy and biomechanics played a lesser role. An increase over time was observed in research outputs related to the Thiel method, while the number of specimens used per study decreased. The main centers using Thiel embalming were in Graz, Dundee, Sapporo, Bern, Zurich and Ghent, which jointly accounted for more than 54% of all research conducted using this method. Following three decades of use, the Thiel method has evolved into being a well-established embalming technique for research purposes. Its future is challenged by the demanding requirements on both technical facilities and personnel, limitations of certain chemicals for use as fixatives, costs, and questions as to how "lifelike" the embalmed-tissues are from an objective standpoint, all of which warrants future investigations.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomedical Research; Cadaver; Embalming; Fixatives; Humans
PubMed: 35879645
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23936